Completely Science ◆

Science isn't just about memorizing the periodic table. It’s about realizing that reality is a magic show, and physics is the explanation.

The story begins with a German linguistics student named Wilfried Wilhelmus Baader, who in 1994 wrote about a phenomenon he had observed. He noticed that after learning about a new linguistic term, he started seeing it everywhere in texts and conversations. He shared his observation with a friend, Horst Meinhof, and they both started discussing the phenomenon. completely science

| Parameter | Value/Range | |-----------|-------------| | Size of Cas9 protein (S. pyogenes) | 1,368 amino acids (~160 kDa) | | Length of sgRNA | ~100 nucleotides | | PAM sequence (SpCas9) | 5'-NGG-3' (occurs every ~8-12 bp in human genome) | | On-target editing efficiency (cell culture) | 60–90% for NHEJ; 1–20% for HDR | | Off-target mutation rate | Varies (0.1% to >50% depending on sgRNA) | | Maximum delivery size (AAV vector) | ~4.7 kb (Cas9 alone is ~4.2 kb, limiting cargo) | Science isn't just about memorizing the periodic table

Cas9 can tolerate mismatches between the sgRNA and DNA, especially in the PAM-distal region. This risks unintended mutations in functional genes, potentially causing oncogene activation. Engineered high-fidelity variants (eSpCas9, SpCas9-HF1) reduce off-target activity by >90% while retaining on-target efficiency. He noticed that after learning about a new

Have you ever noticed that when you learn about something new, you suddenly start seeing it everywhere? For example, let's say you just learned about a new type of car, and then you start seeing that car model everywhere on the road. Or, you learn about a new word, and then you start hearing it in conversations and seeing it in writing.

Stay curious. 🔭