If you are writing a paper yourself or need data for research, these facts are essential:

There are three main culprits:

Beyond the tragic loss of life and injury, fires result in the destruction of homes and the displacement of villagers.

Following 2017, Portugal invested heavily in prevention and aerial means. The years 2018–2022 generally saw lower numbers of fatalities and burned area compared to the pre-2017 average, though 2022 saw a resurgence in burned area (roughly 120,000 hectares), serving as a warning that the structural issues remain unsolved.