Astm D3951 ((better)) -

| Standard | Purpose | |----------|---------| | | Performance testing for shipping containers | | ISTA 1A / 2A / 3A | Simulated distribution tests | | MIL-STD-2073-1E | Military packaging (much stricter) | | FED-STD-123 | Marking for domestic shipment (obsolete but still referenced) |

: For large shipments, unitizing loads on pallets or slipsheets is often required to facilitate mechanical handling. Relationship with Military Standards astm d3951