This paper addresses three central questions: (1) What distinguishes near orbit from other space regimes? (2) Why is NEO uniquely valuable? (3) What mechanisms threaten its long-term utility?
The 1967 Outer Space Treaty is insufficient. Four specific reforms are needed: near orbit
The ISS remains the only permanently crewed microgravity laboratory, enabling research in materials science, fluid dynamics, and human physiology that is impossible on Earth. Furthermore, NEO serves as the assembly point for deep-space missions (e.g., Lunar Gateway). This paper addresses three central questions: (1) What
NEAR was a solar-powered vehicle with a launch mass of 805 kg . enabling research in materials science